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Neuron:研究确定修复MS中受损脑组织的靶蛋白
发布时间:2014/02/11

2014年2月8日讯 /生物谷BIOON/--近日,神经科学家Vittorio Gallo博士等人发现了“潜在的新的治疗靶标”,以减少多发性硬化症(MS)恶化的速度,针对此靶标蛋白可以促进多发性硬化症(MS)中受损脑细胞的生长。

虽然,目前的治疗方法可有效地治疗复发型MS,但在促进组织生长方面的影响不大。多发性硬化症症状出现多年后,大脑会产生新的细胞来修复MS损害。然而,在大多数情况下,细胞不能完成修复,因为未知因素限制了这一过程。

在MS患者中,炎症或脑部病变,导致髓鞘破坏,覆盖绝缘神经细胞纤维的脂肪在大脑中被称为轴突,轴突有助于神经元之间信号传输。

在Neuron杂志上刊登的这则新研究中,Gallo教授,鉴定出一种小蛋白,可以有针对性地促进损伤组织的修复,具有治疗潜力。该蛋白分子,内皮素-1(ET-1),被证明能够抑制髓鞘的修复。

髓鞘损害是MS的标志特征。这项研究表明,药理学方法或使用遗传方法阻断ET-1可以促进髓鞘修复。损伤的MS斑块修复是内源性少突胶质前体细胞(OPCs)经过一个叫做髓鞘再生过程来实现的。

当前MS的治疗可以有效地治疗复发和缓解型MS,但对促进组织中髓鞘再生的影响不大,Gallo说:已经有几项研究表明,在慢性MS病变中,OPCs不能分化。新的研究表明,ET-1显著减少髓鞘再生的速率。

因此,ET-1是潜在的治疗靶标,以促进组织损伤修复。ET-1在防止MS中正常髓鞘生成和其他脱髓鞘疾病中发挥至关重要的作用。(生物谷Bioon.com)



doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.015

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Astrocyte-Derived Endothelin-1 Inhibits Remyelination through Notch Activation

Timothy R. Hammond, Ana Gadea, Jeff Dupree, Christophe Kerninon, Brahim Nait-Oumesmar, Adan Aguirre, Vittorio Gallo

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can repair demyelinated lesions by maturing into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. However, the OPC potential to differentiate can be prevented by inhibitory signals present in the pathological lesion environment. Identification of these signals is essential to promote OPC differentiation and lesion repair. We identified an endogenous inhibitor of remyelination, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is highly expressed in reactive astrocytes of demyelinated lesions. Using both gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that ET-1 drastically reduces the rate of remyelination. We also discovered that ET-1 acts mechanistically by promoting Notch activation in OPCs during remyelination through induction of Jagged1 expression in reactive astrocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of ET signaling prevented Notch activation in demyelinated lesions and accelerated remyelination. These findings reveal that ET-1 is a negative regulator of OPC differentiation and remyelination and is potentially a therapeutic target to promote lesion repair in demyelinated tissue.